You might be an Italian national and not even realize it. Italian law operates on the principle of jus sanguinis (right of blood), meaning that being born to an Italian parent automatically grants you Italian citizenship, no matter where you’re born. This concept stems from Roman law, reflecting Italy’s unique legal heritage where status civitatis (citizenship status) is passed down through generations.
The language of the law is simple and direct:
The children whose father or mother are Italian citizens, are Italian citizens themselves
(Article 1 of the Italian Nationality Act no. 91 of 1992)
This is what the law currenty in force provides. Before the law provided the same rule for centuries!
IMPORTANT: please note that this article was last updated in December 2024. Since March 28, 2025 the Italian Government has enacted a new temporarty regulation and approved two proposals that change the legal and political landscape. Please find here the latest updates: New Rules for Italian Citizenship by Descent (2025 Update)
But what does that mean to you?
You can go back to your roots in Italy as a fully recognized citizen and even access all European countries with unparalleled privileges.
You may activate your rights as a dual citizen: claim your Italian passport, obtain residency in Italy for your whole family and perform any lawful activity there. That includes full rights to stay in whole Europe when you desire, work, study, or just enjoy an international life.
You may always renounce your dual citizenship for a career in public security, if necessary. You may recover your Italian citizenship later in life by moving your residence to the country for one year.
Read more here about the benefits of having dual Italian citizenship.
How can you activate your dual Italian citizenship?
Consider your family tree: is there any great (grand) mother or father of Italian origin?
If you find any such person in your direct line, from your mother or your father, you could actually be an Italian national.
To wake up your dormant Italian citizenship you need to register it to the nearest Italian Consulate.
No generation limits
Italy is still one of the few countries that regards the children of its citizens as citizens themselves, no matter where they are born, nor when, along endless generations. The only limit is the origin of Italy as modern state in 1861. The law regards as citizens those who where living at that date.
As the Italian Ministry of the Interior put it, “It may occur that an ancestor, who emigrated from Italy before the formation of the unified Kingdom of Italy, possessed a passport from a pre-unification state. Such a circumstance does not necessarily prevent the recognition of Italian citizenship.”
“In fact, the Civil Code of 1865, which governed citizenship matters before the enactment of Law No. 555 on June 13, 1912, did not exclude from Italian citizenship those who emigrated prior to the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy.”
“However, it is important to note that individuals born before 1861 and who emigrated to another country can be considered Italian citizens only from the time their state of origin became part of the Kingdom of Italy. If, at the time of their possible naturalization in a foreign country or at the date of their death, their state of origin had not yet been incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy, they must be regarded as having never acquired Italian citizenship.”
Italian Ministry of the Interior Dossier “La cittadinanza italiana – La normativa, le procedure, le circolari”, 2002
Is Italian citizenship unlimited through generations?
Italian citizenship by descent has traditionally been recognized across multiple generations, but legal and historical factors indicate potential limitations.
Italy’s unification in 1861 sets a natural historical boundary, and the law limits legal kinship recognition to six generations.
While no formal generational cutoff currently exists in nationality law, a pending case before the Italian Constitutional Court (set for a hearing in June 2025) may influence future interpretations. You’re welcome to read more about this subject in my article “Is Italian Citizenship Unlimited?”
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Future limits to generations
The Italian Parliament is considering limiting the right to Italian citizenship. Discussions are underway since 2024 and could be completed by 2025. A new draft law aims at introducing specific criteria that will require demonstrating a close connection to Italy. In particular:
For the 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree descendants, this means proficiency in the Italian language at the B1 level.
Those beyond the third degree will have an additional requirement: a one-year residency in Italy.
Find out more about the possible changes to Italian law and how they can affect future applications for Italian dual citizenship.
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I was born in Italy and came to Australia in 1972 when I was nine years old. I became an Australian citizen at age 27 in 1989. I do I find out if I have dual citizenship or if I was required to renounce my Italian citizenship when I became an Australian citizen.
Hello, Giuseppe! If you willingly became an Australian citizen (usually through a process involving an initial application and a final oath of allegiance), you would typically lose your Italian citizenship. The local Italian Consulate should’ve noted this and informed your Italian hometown. Often, this isn’t recorded in Italy, and you might still appear as an Italian citizen there. You can verify this with a nationality certificate from your Italian city of origin. Still, be aware: if Italy learns of your Australian citizenship, they might retract your Italian status.
My father was born in Italy and moved to Australia at 2 years old.his parents never became Australian citizens.he naturalised a few years before I was born in 1981, however the Italian government wrote to him saying they did not recognise his Australian citizenship. Am I eligible for Italian citizenship?
Probably not. But it is important to check what exactly the Italian government communicated about your father’s Italian citizenship. If you need more help, you are welcome to contact us.
I was born in Italy but my parents came to Canada in 1954 and applied for Canadian citizenship.
What forms do I need to apply for Italian citizenship?
The answer depends on when you were born, whether before or after your parents obtained Canadian citizenship, and whether you currently live in Italy or outside.
Very informative. I may qualify.
Hi, I would like the info too. Thanks in advance.
I have a question that perhaps you might be able to answer for me. I wanted to validate if I am already considered a dual citizen of Italy. I was born March 5, 1966. My father XX received naturalization (Certificate after I was born on June 6, 1966.
Would I be considered already an Italian citizen and don’t need to apply for dual citizenship?